This bill adds new sections to chapter 28A.600 RCW (K–12) and chapter 28B.10 RCW (higher education) and amends RCW 28A.600.200 and RCW 28B.10.703 to require interschool and intercollegiate athletic and other athletic extracurricular activities to be organized into five participation groupings based on students’ sex chromosome makeup and self‑identified gender: (a) xx who identify as a woman/girl, (b) xx who identify as a man/boy, (c) xy who identify as a man/boy, (d) xy who identify as a woman/girl, and (e) students who do not meet (a)–(d). The K–12 provision exempts activities that consist primarily of students in grades kindergarten through six. The bill permits eligibility for those groupings to be determined by medical documentation of chromosomal makeup, creates private causes of action (including injunctive relief, damages, and other relief) for students, school districts, or institutions harmed by violations or by retaliation for reporting violations, and requires such civil actions to be brought within two years of the alleged harm. It bars governmental entities, licensing or accrediting organizations, or athletic associations from taking adverse action against Washington school districts or institutions of higher education for maintaining teams organized under the new sections. It allows school boards to delegate governance to the WIAA or another voluntary nonprofit, but requires any such voluntary nonprofit that governs participation to adopt written rules, provide notice of reasons and a fair opportunity to contest before rejecting a student, and to impose only proportional penalties; no student penalty applies unless the student knowingly violated rules or gained a significant competitive advantage or materially disadvantaged another student. The bill defines “knowingly” as actual knowledge or deliberate ignorance or reckless disregard, and treats penalty decisions as decisions of the school district subject to appeal under specified RCWs. The text provided does not include an effective date or implementation timeline, does not specify what medical documentation is acceptable or the procedures and standards for determining chromosomal makeup or identity, does not show exact new section numbers, and does not address how these state requirements interact with federal law or national/out‑of‑state athletic association rules.

If enacted, public school districts and colleges will likely need to reorganize most school sports and athletic extracurriculars into five participation groups based on students’ sex chromosome patterns and their self‑identified gender, with kindergarten through sixth grade mostly exempt. Districts and institutions that delegate authority to groups like the WIAA will need written rules, to give notice and a chance to contest eligibility decisions, and to limit penalties so they are proportional and only applied when a student knowingly broke rules or gained a clear competitive advantage; those penalty decisions will be treated as school district decisions and can be appealed. The groups most affected are school districts, institutions of higher education, students (including transgender and intersex students), and nonprofit athletic associations; they will face new administrative work to set groupings, handle and possibly verify medical documentation for eligibility, revise policies, and manage appeals. There will also be greater litigation risk and potential legal costs because students and districts can sue for violations or retaliation within two years. Key implementation details are unclear—there is no effective date shown, no standards for what medical documentation is acceptable, and nothing about how these rules interact with federal law or out‑of‑state or national athletic rules—so districts and colleges may face additional legal uncertainty and operational risk.